The+Cold+War+-+The+Early+Years

C opy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

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 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * **Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe**
 * **Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies**
 * **Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections**
 * **United Nations will be formed**
 * **USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"**
 * **the roots of the Cold War are established** || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg width="299" height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif width="364" height="272" align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * **Established during the aftermath of WWII**
 * **Created in the hopes of stabilizing relations with foreign nations as well as** **produce a solid foundation for peace**
 * **Served as a watchdog for the world for 50 years plus** ||
 * CONTAINMENT**
 * **Truman Administration's chief plan during the Cold War**
 * **Goal was to stop Communism throughout**
 * **Contained through military and nonmilitary (economic, political, diplomatic methods etc.) strategies**
 * **Also used to prevent an unkind country from cultivating to much land and limit a country's ideological influences and beliefs** || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg width="281" height="218" align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * **Following the establishment of containment, Truman instituted the Truman Doctrine**
 * **Assured aid to those struggling to resist threats to their democratic liberties, particularly nations such as Greece and Turkey**
 * **Used to limit the spread of Communism and suggested we supported anti-communism**
 * **Believed the Soviet Union was responsible for financing communist forces**
 * **Laid groundwork for the Marshall Plan**
 * **Formed the backbone to our Cold War policy and led to conflict between nations ie. Korean and Vietnam Wars** ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * **A plan to resurrect European economies after WWII**
 * **Named for Secretary of State George Marshall**
 * **Gave $13 bil. to assist countries in southern and western Europe**
 * **Helped to rebuild these nations**
 * **Also used to limit Soviet rule and influence, as well as boost the U.S. economy due to the fact that the aid would be returned as orders for American goods**
 * **Became a model for foreign policy throughout the Cold War as it showed a direct link between economic development through the help of aids and "pro-Western political stability"** || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg width="305" height="323" align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg width="396" height="305" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * **Allies agreed to divide Germany into four temporary zones in 1945**
 * **Decided to merge the zones in 1948 to form a democratic country**
 * **Due to the fact that Berlin lied in the middle of Soviet territory, it became the an isolated democratic nation completely surrounded by communist areas**
 * **Soviet Union blockaded all routes to Western Berlin in attempts to push out the Allies**
 * **Truman responded by giving approval to the Berlin AIrlift, in which planes stocked with supplies including food, fuel, and other equipment would be sent to Berlin to aid the citizens**
 * **Stalin called off the blockade almost a year after the planes began to fly in**
 * **Resulted in the division of Germany, creating communist East Germany and West Germany which was a democracy** ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * **After Berlin, the U.S. and our European allies became nervous over Soviet and communist control over all of Europe**
 * **Formed NATO with other nations including Canada and countries in West Europe**
 * **NATO was founded on the principle that a nation would treat an attack of another allied nation as if the country itself was being attacked too**
 * **Offered a threat due to our nuclear weapons and military strength**
 * **In response, the Soviets and their allies (European nations such as Hungary and Czechoslovakia) formed the Warsaw Pact** || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png width="241" height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg width="340" height="295" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * **U.S. citizens became increasingly worried about the prospect of communism growing within America**
 * **Ethel and Julius Rosenberg's trial made such fears more apparent and justifiable**
 * **Julius Rosenberg was accused of passing messages to the Russians and was sentenced to five years in prison**
 * **Both were part of the American Communist party and after the initial conviction, both were tried for passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union; ultimately, the two were found guilty and were executed**
 * **Anti-communists formed the HUAC, which targeted actors, directors, filmmakers etc. and accused them of having ties to communism**
 * **Led to blacklists when such information traveled through Hollywood and tarnished the careers of such individuals** ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * **Communists defeated Nationalists in a Chinee Civil War**
 * **U.S. supported the Nationalists**
 * **Mao Zedong became the new communist leader of China**
 * **The Nationalist government left for Taiwan; their fall came as a shock to the American population**
 * **Viewed the takeover as a plot by communists as part of a plan for world domination**
 * **Blamed the State Department for not stopping the revolution**
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif width="221" height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR**

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 * No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** * **McCarthy - senator from WI who used the Korean War to fuel America's fear of communism**
 * **Claimed to have a list of State Department official, all of which he said belonged to the Communist Party; the charges weren't proven, but led to a hunt for Communists and destroyed thousands of careers**
 * **Mccarthyism was coined as a term which meant "reckless charges against innocent citizens"**
 * **The Senate held hearings in which McCarthy accused the Army of indulging Communists**
 * **Army charged him and his staff with improper conduct and he responded with unsupported charges against a lawyer**
 * **McCarthy faded away after Senate issued a statement criticizing McCarthy and his policies**
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg width="201" height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * **Soviet Union and America began the space race in 1957**
 * **Soviet Union launched the first ever space satellite, Sputnik, and sent it into orbit**
 * **This event signified that the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the United States**
 * **As Congress set aside billions of dollars to research outer space, scientists raced to launch a satellite of our own**
 * **Ultimately, America was successful in putting the first man on the moon** ||